The only way one can object to God on the basis of evil is if evil is an objective fact, a departure from a standard of moral perfection. The dialogue addresses these and related questions.
The principle theistic response is the Free Will defense, which essentially blames the woes of the world on its human creatures. How can these attributes be reconciled with the fact that our earth, His creation, is filled with evil? The evil is both moral – evil committed by human beings, and natural – evils such as children dying of cancer, for which there is no human responsibility. God is supposedly all-powerful, all-knowing, and morally perfect. Peter and Carl agree that the Problem of Evil is central in any debate about the existence of God as defined by theists.
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